Indexes/Climate

Climate & Livability Index

Climate comfort across the year and the environmental risks that come with it — heat, storms, air quality and seasonality.

Median: 62
Mean: 60
Top decile from: 80
Highest: 90

What this index measures

Tie-breaker · scored 0–100

01
Year-round temperature comfort
02
Storm, flood and wildfire exposure
03
Air quality and seasonality

Never a reason to move alone, frequently the reason a shortlist of three becomes one.

How the score is weighted

Each input is normalised to 0–100 across all 209 jurisdictions, then combined at the weights below. Weights sum to 100 and are held constant across every jurisdiction in an edition, so scores stay comparable.

Tie-breaker in the composite

Temperature comfort40% of the score
Share of the year in a comfortable band.
Hazard exposure30% of the score
Storm, flood, wildfire and seismic risk.
Air quality20% of the score
Annual mean PM2.5.
Seasonality10% of the score
Daylight variation and extremes.

Who leads it

The ten highest scores on this signal, with their overall standing beside them — the gap between the two columns is the trade-off.

01
Cyprus
Europe
90ovr 75
02
Spain
Europe
90ovr 72
03
Greece
Europe
88ovr 67
04
Portugal
Europe
85ovr 75
05
Monaco
Europe
85ovr 72
06
Malta
Europe
85ovr 72
07
Croatia
Europe
85ovr 67
08
Italy
Europe
85ovr 66
09
St Kitts and Nevis
Americas
82ovr 71
10
Antigua and Barbuda
Americas
82ovr 70

Distribution · top 60 scoresrange 25–90

How regions compare

Average score per region against its best case. A wide gap means the region is worth searching; a narrow one means the whole region behaves the same way.

Oceania
74 / 78
Americas
73 / 82
Africa
62 / 82
Europe
53 / 90
Middle East
51 / 75
Asia
50 / 80

Full ranking

#	Jurisdiction	Region	Climate	Overall
001	Cyprus	Europe	90	75
002	Spain	Europe	90	72
003	Greece	Europe	88	67
004	Portugal	Europe	85	75
005	Monaco	Europe	85	72
006	Malta	Europe	85	72
007	Croatia	Europe	85	67
008	Italy	Europe	85	66
009	St Kitts and Nevis	Americas	82	71
010	Antigua and Barbuda	Americas	82	70
011	Grenada	Americas	82	70
012	Bahamas	Americas	82	69
013	St Lucia	Americas	82	69
014	Barbados	Americas	82	65
015	Seychelles	Africa	82	62
016	Cayman Islands	Americas	80	77
017	Gibraltar	Europe	80	76
018	Andorra	Europe	80	75
019	British Virgin Islands	Americas	80	74
020	Panama	Americas	80	68
021	Dominica	Americas	80	68
022	Mauritius	Africa	80	67
023	Costa Rica	Americas	80	66
024	Vatican City	Europe	80	64
025	Mexico	Americas	80	61
026	Turkey	Asia	80	60
027	St Vincent & Grenadines	Americas	80	59
028	San Marino	Europe	78	73
029	Vanuatu	Oceania	78	64
030	Cape Verde	Africa	78	61
031	Colombia	Americas	78	61
032	Tunisia	Africa	78	59
033	Brazil	Americas	78	58
034	Fiji	Oceania	78	58
035	Cook Islands	Oceania	78	58
036	Dominican Republic	Americas	78	55
037	Palau	Oceania	78	53
038	Australia	Oceania	75	70
039	Montenegro	Europe	75	70
040	Maldives	Asia	75	62
041	Israel	Middle East	75	62
042	Albania	Europe	75	62
043	Morocco	Africa	75	59
044	Belize	Americas	75	58
045	Argentina	Americas	75	58
046	South Africa	Africa	75	57
047	Ecuador	Americas	75	55
048	Samoa	Oceania	75	55
049	Tonga	Oceania	75	55
050	Niue	Oceania	75	55
051	Trinidad and Tobago	Americas	75	53
052	Jamaica	Americas	75	52
053	Marshall Islands	Oceania	75	51
054	Cuba	Americas	75	50
055	Suriname	Americas	75	50
056	Micronesia	Oceania	75	50
057	Venezuela	Americas	75	35
058	Sao Tome & Principe	Africa	72	50
059	Tuvalu	Oceania	72	50
060	Solomon Islands	Oceania	72	48
061	Nauru	Oceania	72	48
062	Comoros	Africa	72	46
063	New Zealand	Oceania	70	73
064	Slovenia	Europe	70	68
065	Uruguay	Americas	70	66
066	Chile	Americas	70	65
067	Peru	Americas	70	56
068	Senegal	Africa	70	54
069	Sri Lanka	Asia	70	53
070	Guatemala	Americas	70	51
071	El Salvador	Americas	70	50
072	Guyana	Americas	70	50
073	Nicaragua	Americas	70	49
074	Kiribati	Oceania	70	48
075	Honduras	Americas	70	46
076	Lebanon	Middle East	70	42
077	Gambia	Africa	68	48
078	Madagascar	Africa	68	48
079	Bermuda	Americas	65	73
080	Georgia	Europe	65	69
081	Taiwan	Asia	65	67
082	France	Europe	65	65
083	Macau	Asia	65	62
084	North Macedonia	Europe	65	61
085	Ghana	Africa	65	57
086	Indonesia	Asia	65	57
087	Namibia	Africa	65	56
088	Kosovo	Europe	65	54
089	Kenya	Africa	65	52
090	Tanzania	Africa	65	52
091	Cambodia	Asia	65	51
092	Ivory Coast	Africa	65	49
093	Benin	Africa	65	48
094	Sierra Leone	Africa	65	46
095	Togo	Africa	65	46
096	Mozambique	Africa	65	46
097	Liberia	Africa	65	44
098	Papua New Guinea	Oceania	65	43
099	Haiti	Americas	65	32
100	Palestine	Middle East	65	30
101	Botswana	Africa	62	58
102	Rwanda	Africa	62	55
103	USA	Americas	62	53
104	Zambia	Africa	62	49
105	Malawi	Africa	62	48
106	Eswatini	Africa	62	47
107	Uganda	Africa	62	47
108	Gabon	Africa	62	46
109	Zimbabwe	Africa	62	43
110	Paraguay	Americas	60	62
111	Jordan	Middle East	60	54
112	Philippines	Asia	60	52
113	Timor-Leste	Asia	60	48
114	Djibouti	Africa	60	46
115	Cameroon	Africa	60	44
116	Guinea	Africa	60	42
117	Burkina Faso	Africa	60	40
118	Guinea-Bissau	Africa	60	40
119	Burundi	Africa	60	40
120	Syria	Middle East	60	27
121	Somalia	Africa	60	26
122	Lesotho	Africa	58	44
123	Angola	Africa	58	43
124	Congo	Africa	58	41
125	Equatorial Guinea	Africa	58	39
126	DR Congo	Africa	58	34
127	Switzerland	Europe	55	72
128	Bulgaria	Europe	55	66
129	Brunei	Asia	55	64
130	Serbia	Europe	55	64
131	Hong Kong	Asia	55	60
132	Thailand	Asia	55	60
133	Armenia	Asia	55	57
134	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	55	57
135	Vietnam	Asia	55	56
136	Bolivia	Americas	55	50
137	Egypt	Africa	55	49
138	Laos	Asia	55	48
139	Algeria	Africa	55	47
140	Nigeria	Africa	55	44
141	Ethiopia	Africa	55	42
142	Mali	Africa	55	36
143	Eritrea	Africa	55	34
144	Myanmar	Asia	55	32
145	Central African Republic	Africa	55	29
146	South Sudan	Africa	55	26
147	Yemen	Middle East	55	26
148	Malaysia	Asia	52	66
149	Singapore	Asia	50	73
150	Japan	Asia	50	65
151	Oman	Middle East	50	63
152	Bhutan	Asia	50	52
153	Bangladesh	Asia	50	45
154	Mauritania	Africa	50	42
155	Niger	Africa	50	36
156	Chad	Africa	50	34
157	Libya	Africa	50	28
158	Sudan	Africa	50	26
159	Jersey	Europe	45	73
160	Guernsey	Europe	45	73
161	Liechtenstein	Europe	45	69
162	Austria	Europe	45	67
163	South Korea	Asia	45	65
164	Romania	Europe	45	63
165	Hungary	Europe	45	61
166	Bahrain	Middle East	45	60
167	Moldova	Europe	45	55
168	India	Asia	45	54
169	Azerbaijan	Asia	45	51
170	Nepal	Asia	45	49
171	Pakistan	Asia	45	43
172	Ukraine	Europe	45	39
173	Iran	Middle East	45	38
174	Iraq	Middle East	45	34
175	Western Sahara	Africa	45	31
176	UAE	Middle East	42	59
177	Isle of Man	Europe	40	73
178	Belgium	Europe	40	64
179	Czech Republic	Europe	38	67
180	Slovakia	Europe	38	64
181	Iceland	Europe	35	70
182	Germany	Europe	35	68
183	Netherlands	Europe	35	67
184	Luxembourg	Europe	35	67
185	Canada	Americas	35	66
186	Poland	Europe	35	64
187	Saudi Arabia	Middle East	35	59
188	Qatar	Middle East	35	59
189	Kuwait	Middle East	35	56
190	Belarus	Europe	35	50
191	Uzbekistan	Asia	35	49
192	Kyrgyzstan	Asia	35	49
193	Russia	Europe	35	48
194	Tajikistan	Asia	35	44
195	Turkmenistan	Asia	35	41
196	North Korea	Asia	35	31
197	Afghanistan	Asia	35	24
198	Ireland	Europe	30	66
199	Sweden	Europe	30	66
200	United Kingdom	Europe	30	62
201	Kazakhstan	Asia	30	57
202	China	Asia	30	46
203	Lithuania	Europe	28	68
204	Norway	Europe	28	66
205	Denmark	Europe	28	65
206	Estonia	Europe	25	75
207	Latvia	Europe	25	69
208	Finland	Europe	25	68
209	Mongolia	Asia	25	50

At the other end

The five lowest scores on this signal: Mongolia (25), Finland (25), Latvia (25), Estonia (25), Denmark (28). A weak score here is not disqualifying on its own — read it against the composite.

Where this comes from

Each input is normalised to a 0–100 scale and weighted into the score above. We cite the underlying publication rather than the aggregator wherever one exists.

Edition 2026.1 · reviewed quarterly

01Climate Change Knowledge Portal
World Bank
Temperature, seasonality and climate normals.
02World Air Quality Report
IQAir
PM2.5 air quality by country and city.
03INFORM Risk Index
European Commission JRC
Storm, flood and wildfire hazard exposure.